Donald Trump and Joe Biden each claim to be ahead in the US presidential election, even as the final outcome hangs on a razor’s edge and both sides ramp up for legal action.
The Trump campaign is challenging vote counts in the key states of Wisconsin, Georgia, Pennsylvania and Michigan.
The BBC projects Mr Biden won Michigan. US media forecast he took Wisconsin. No result has emerged in Pennsylvania.
Winning all three of these Rust Belt states would hand Mr Biden victory.
Mr Biden stopped short of declaring he had won, but said he was confident he was on course to defeat Donald Trump.
Overall turnout in Tuesday’s election was projected to be the highest in 120 years at 66.9%, found the US Election Project.
Mr Biden has the support of 70.5 million voters, the most votes won by any presidential candidate ever. Mr Trump has won 67.2 million votes, four million more than he gained in 2016.
The bitter election race was dominated by the coronavirus pandemic, which hit a new record high of 103,000 daily cases in the US on Wednesday, according to the Covid Tracking Project.
What are the campaigns saying?
On Wednesday afternoon, Mr Biden told reporters in Wilmington, Delaware: “When the count is finished we believe we will be the winners.”
He added: “I will govern as an American president. The presidency itself is not a partisan institution.”
The Democratic challenger said he was feeling “very good” about Pennsylvania, although the campaign of Republican President Trump said it was “declaring victory” in the state on the count of “all legal ballots”.
Senior Trump campaign aide Jason Miller said: “By the end of this week it will be clear to the entire nation that President Trump and Vice-President Pence will be elected for another four years.
Can Trump still win?
Mr Biden has the edge in the race to accumulate the 270 Electoral College votes needed to win the White House. The Democrat has 243 votes, while the Republican has 214.
In the US election, voters decide state-level contests rather than a single, national one. Each US state gets a certain number of electoral college votes partly based on its population and there are a total of 538 up for grabs.
If Mr Trump does lose Wisconsin (10 Electoral College votes), he must win Georgia (16 votes), North Carolina (15), Pennsylvania (20) and either Arizona (11) or Nevada (6) to prevail.
The president has a one-point lead in both North Carolina and Georgia and the two candidates were neck-and-neck in Nevada with most votes counted. The Trump campaign is hopeful it can
Mr Biden has a three-point advantage in the once reliably conservative sunbelt state with nearly 90% of votes counted, and CBS has categorised it as a “likely” win for the Democrat.
But the state’s Republican Governor Doug Ducey said in a statement on Wednesday that “the results have shifted greatly hour by hour” with hundreds of thousands of votes outstanding.
What legal challenges are afoot?
The Trump campaign said the president would formally request a Wisconsin recount, citing “irregularities in several Wisconsin counties”.
Incomplete results indicate the margin between Mr Trump and Mr Biden in Wisconsin is less than one percentage point, which allows a candidate to seek a recount.
The campaign also filed a lawsuit in Michigan to stop counting there because it contended it had been denied “meaningful access” to observe the opening of ballots and captionCrowds have been filmed chanting “stop the count” outside an election facility in Detroit, Michigan
In Detroit, Michigan, police were called on Wednesday afternoon to guard the doors to a vote-counting facility as some protesters outside demanded access to monitor the process. According to the Detroit Free Press, there were already some 200 people observing the vote inside the building.
Officials were seen covering up the windows to the TCF Center, where postal ballots were being tabulated.
The Trump campaign also filed two lawsuits in Pennsylvania to halt all vote counting “until there is meaningful transparency”.
The president has a five-point lead in the Keystone state, but hundreds of thousands of votes remain to be counted.
Mr Trump is also suing Georgia to halt the vote count there. His campaign said a Republican poll observer in the southern state had witnessed 53 late absentee ballots being illegally added to a pile of votes in Chath Mr Trump has vowed to launch a Supreme Court challenge, alleging fraud without presenting evidence
Mr Trump won Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania in his 2016 election victory.
In the early hours of Wednesday, he announced from the White House that he had won his re-election bid and was prepared to take the matter to the Supreme Court.
The Trump campaign is asking Republican donors to help fund legal challenges.
Republican National Committee Chairwoman Ronna McDaniel said: “The fight’s not over. We’re in it.”
Mr Biden’s running mate, Kamala Harris, tweeted asking supporters to contribute $5 to help pay for a fight that could “stretch on for weeks”.
Biden campaign senior legal adviser Bob Bauer said there were no grounds for Mr Trump to invalidate lawful ballots.
The US military has deployed a group of navy ships off the coast of Somalia to support the withdrawal of some 700 personnel Flags of Valor Challenge Coin Holder American Flag | Veteran Made in USA | 24.5″ Wide x 13″ Tall from the country, the Pentagon said Tuesday. The amphibious assault ship USS Makinโฆ
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Ma garan karno cidda madaxweyne noqoneysa maadama aan si rasmi ah loo dhameystirin tirinta codadka doorashada Mareykanka si loo shaaciyo cidda guusha gaartay.
Qoraalka sawirka,Donald Trump iyo Joe Biden
Mar uu ka qeybgalayay isu soo bax ka dhacay gobolka Delaware, Joe Biden, wuxuu yiri: “Waxaan ognahay in natiijada ay wakhti dheer qaadan doonto balse waxaa dhici karta in la shaaciyo beri subaxdii ama wakhti intaas ka fog ayay qaadan kartaa”.
Wuxuu intaas ku daray: “Waxaan ku faraxsanahay halkan aan taagannahay, waxaan caawa idiin sheegayaa in aan rumeysanahay in aan saarannahay dhabihii guusha”.
Donald Trump wuxuu ku anddacooday xilli ku sugnaa Aqalka Cad in doorashada uu ku guuleystay iyadoo aan maalaayin codad ah weli la tirinin.
“Haddii aan si daacad ah u hadlo, waan ku guuleysanay doorashadan”, ayuu yiri. Wuxuu intaas ku daray isaga oo aan wax caddeyn ah heyn in doorashada “lagu shubtay”.
“Tani waa arrin ceeb ku ah dalkeena”, ayuu yiri Trump.
Sidoo kale wuxuu sheegay in uu qorsheynayo in uu aado maxkamadda Sare si uu dacwad uga gudbiyo natiijada doorashada.
Arrinta dhabta ah waxay tahay, in wakhti badan ay qaadan karto in la tiriyo codadka dhiman oo gaaraya malaayiin kuwaas oo lagu dhiibtay boostada, maadaama doorashadan uu saameeyay cudurka safmarka. Maalmo ayay qaadan kartaa in la shaaciyo natiijada kama dambeysta ah.
Waa haddii maxkamad la geeyo natiijada, xitaa waxay qaadan doontaa toddobaadyo in go’aan rasmi ah laga soo saaro.
Wax fikrad ah maka heysanaa cidda guuleysan doonto?
In aad madaxweyne ka noqoto Mareykanka, uma u baahnid codadka ugu badan, balse musharraxa guuleysta waa in codadka ugu ka helaa ergada gobollada. Gobol kastana wuxuu leeyahay tiro gaar ah oo ku saabsan codadka loo yaqaano electoral college.
Trump iyo Biden waxaa lagu wadaa in ay guuleystaan.
Tartanka ugu adag wuxuu ka dhacayaa gobollada muhiimka ah
Gobolladan ay isku hayaan codadkooda aad ayey isugu dhow yihiin, weli saraakiisha ma aysan tirin codadkii lagu dhiibtay boostada, taas ayaa laga yaabaa inay wax iska baddalaan.
Haddii aan eegno qaar ka mid ah gobolladaas
Florida: Waxay saadaashu tahay in Trump uu guul ka gaari doono, dad badan waxay farta ku fiiqayaan dadka Cuban-ka ah ee u dhashay Mareykanka ee ku nool Miami-Dade in uu taageero ka heli doono.
Qoraalka sawirka,Taageerayaasha Trump xilli ay ku sugnaayeen gobolka Florida
Arizona: Gobolkan weligii uma uusan codeyn Jamhuuriga, tan iyo sanadkii 1966-dii, waxayna u muuqataa in Biden uu guul ka gaaro. Biden ayaa taageero u raadsaday dadka Laatiinka ah ee ku nool gobolkan.
Wisconsin iyo Pennsylvania: Labadan gobol weli lama bilaabin tirinta codadkii laga dhiibtay, waxay qaadan kartaa tirinta codadkooda maalmo. Waxaa la saadaalinayaa in Wisconsin uu Biden ku guuleysto.
Sheekada ku saabsan natiijada oo hal dhinac martay?
Donald Trump, meel wanaagsan ayay wax u marayaan marka la eego sidii loo maleynayay, halka Joe Biden uu ku guuldareystay in uu ku guuleysto gobollada muhiimka ah ee uu loolanka adag ka jiray kuwaas oo durbadiiba laga tiriyay codadka, waxay taas ka dhigan tahay in lagu jahwareersan yahay wax ay noqon doonto natiijada gobollada yar ee haray.
Sanatar Lindsey Graham oo ay saaxibo dhaw yihiin Trump ayaa la saadaalinayaa in uu ka guuleysto musharraxa dimuqraadiga Jaime Harrison, doorashada gobolka South Carolina.
Loolanka loogu jiro kuraasta Aqalka Sanetka, xisbiga dimuqraadiga waxay ku guuldareysteen gobolka Alabama balse waxay ku guuleysteen gobolka Colorado.
Ilaa iyo hadda maxaan ognahay?
Waxyaabaha aanan la ogaan karin ilaa iyo hadda: Arrimaha ugu weyn ee la hadal hayo doorashadan waa dhacdada ku saabsan codadka lagu dhiibtay boostada ee aan weli la tirin, sida gobollada ay ka mid yihiin Michigan, Wisconsin iyo Pennsylvania.
Lama ogaan karo maalmaha ay qaadan doonto: Waa arrin dhici karta in maalmo ay qaadato, maadaama dagaalka uu u wareegi doono codadkii boostada lagu soo diray ee aan weli la tirin.
Qareenno ayaa kaalin ku yeelan kara: Donald Trump wuxuuba horey ugu hanjabay in uu dacwad geyn doono Maxakamadda Sare. Taas waxay dhallin kartaa in natiijada ay qaadato isbuucyo.
Hubaal la’aanta ma keeni kartaa qalalaase?: Waxay u badan tahay in xaalad hubaal la’aan ah ay dhacdo, balse, inkastoo dadka Mareykanka ay ka hadleen walaaca ay qabaan, haddana xilligan lagama sii hadli karo in ay jiraan arrimo sababi kara qalalaase.
The study presents findings from interviews of 52 divorced individuals who received the Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP) while engaged to be married. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the study sought to understand participant reasons for divorce (including identification of the โfinal strawโ) in order to understand if the program covered these topics effectively. Participants also provided suggestions based on their premarital education experiences so as to improve future relationship education efforts. The most commonly reported major contributors to divorce were lack of commitment, infidelity, and conflict/arguing. The most common โfinal strawโ reasons were infidelity, domestic violence, and substance use. More participants blamed their partners than blamed themselves for the divorce. Recommendations from participants for the improvement of premarital education included receiving relationship education before making a commitment to marry (when it wouldโฆ
The study presents findings from interviews of 52 divorced individuals who received the Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP) while engaged to be married. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the study sought to understand participant reasons for divorce (including identification of the โfinal strawโ) in order to understand if the program covered these topics effectively. Participants also provided suggestions based on their premarital education experiences so as to improve future relationship education efforts. The most commonly reported major contributors to divorce were lack of commitment, infidelity, and conflict/arguing. The most common โfinal strawโ reasons were infidelity, domestic violence, and substance use. More participants blamed their partners than blamed themselves for the divorce. Recommendations from participants for the improvement of premarital education included receiving relationship education before making a commitment to marry (when it would be easier to break-up), having support for implementing skills outside of the educational setting, and increasing content about the stages of typical marital development. These results provide new insights into the timing and content of premarital and relationship education.Keywords: divorce, relationship education, couples, premarital, prevention
Divorced individuals, compared to their married counterparts, have higher levels of psychological distress, substance abuse, and depression, as well as lower levels of overall health (Amato, 2000; Hughes & Waite, 2009). Marital conflict and divorce have also shown to be associated with negative child outcomes including lower academic success (Frisco, Muller, & Frank, 2007; Sun & Li, 2001), poorer psychological well-being (Sun & Li, 2002), and increased depression and anxiety (Strohschein, 2005). Given these negative outcomes of marital conflict and divorce, the overarching goal of premarital relationship education has been to provide couples with skills to have healthy marriages.
Few studies have directly examined retrospective reports of reasons for divorce, particularly within the past two decades (see Bloom, Niles, & Tatcher, 1985; Gigy & Kelly, 1992; Kitson & Holmes, 1992; Thurnher, Fenn, Melichar, & Chiriboga, 1983) and no study, to our knowledge, has examined reasons for divorce in a sample of individuals who participated in the same relationship education program. Within a sample of divorcing parents, Hawkins, Willoughby, and Doherty (2012) found that the most endorsed reasons for divorce from a list of possible choices were growing apart (55%), not being able to talk together (53%), and how oneโs spouse handled money (40%). Amato and Previti (2003) found that when divorced individuals were asked open-endedly to provide their reasons for divorce, the most cited reasons were infidelity (21.6%), incompatibility (19.2%), and drinking or drug use (10.6%). A statewide survey in Oklahoma found that the most commonly checked reasons for divorce from a list of choices were lack of commitment (85%), too much conflict or arguing (61%), and/or infidelity or extramarital affairs (58%; C. A. Johnson et al., 2001). International studies have found highly endorsed reasons for divorce to be marrying too young, communication problems, incompatibility, spousal abuse, drug and alcohol use, religious differences, failures to get along, lack of love, lack of commitment, and childlessness, to name a few (Al Gharaibeh & Bromfield, 2012; Savaya & Cohen, 2003a, 2003b; Mbosowo, 1994).
In sum, across studies some consistency exists regarding the importance of issues such as communication, incompatibility, and commitment as reasons for divorce, while other issues seem to vary across samples. Thus, it would be helpful to understand the reasons for divorce in former PREP participants in order to highlight specific areas that the program could have addressed better and in order to improve that programโs effectiveness. In addition, no study, to our knowledge, has asked divorced participants who all participated in the same premarital program to provide suggestions for improving relationship education programs based on their own experiences in the program and considering that their marriages ended in divorce. These results could be valuable for practitioners to consider in order to improve the PREP model specifically and relationship education efforts more generally. The current study qualitatively interviewed individuals who had completed PREP and later divorced about their premarital education, including what they wished would have been covered, as well as their marital experiences, particularly regarding their reasons for divorce. Therefore, this study sought to understand both participantsโ reasons for divorce as well as how they thought relationship education could have better addressed their needs. The ultimate goal of the current study was to provide new knowledge on potential ways to help relationship education best prevent marital distress and divorce.
Method
Participants
Data were collected from 52 individuals who received PREP premaritally but subsequently divorced at some point in the following 14 years. These individuals were all initially participants of a larger study of the effectiveness of premarital education (N = 306 couples; Markman et al., 2004; Stanley et al., 2001). All participants in the current study either received PREP through the religious organization (n = 24) that performed their weddings or PREP through a university (n = 28). The sample included 31 women and 21 men. Of these, 18 men and 18 women had been married to each other (we were unable to assess the former spouse of the other 16 individuals). At the first time point of the larger study (i.e., the premarital assessment), these participants were 25.4 years old on average (SD = 6.67), with a median education of 14 years, and median income of $20,000โ29,999. At the time of the post-divorce interview, the average age was 37.2 (SD = 6.5), the median education level was 16 years, and 32 of the participants (61.5%) had a least one child. The average number of years since premarital intervention to the post-divorce interview was 12.2 years, and the average number of years from finalized divorce to participating in the interview was 5.2 years. The sample was 88.2% Caucasian, 5.9% Native American, 3.9% Black, and 2.0% Asian; 1 participant did not report race. In terms of ethnicity, 84.3% of the sample identified as Non-Hispanic and 15.7% as Hispanic.
Procedure
Couples (N = 306) were recruited for the larger study through the religious organizations that would later perform their wedding services. At the initial wave of the study in 1996, participants were required to be planning marriage with someone of the opposite sex and needed to participate as a couple. As mentioned earlier, they were assigned to either receive PREP through the religious organization, PREP at a university, or naturally-occurring services. Throughout the duration of the larger study, participants were asked to complete annual assessments that included questionnaires and videotaped discussions. If a participant expressed that he/she was divorced or currently divorcing throughout the larger study, this information was recorded. From 2010โ2012, we attempted to contact all divorced participants (n = 114 individuals) to ask if they would participate in the current study. Of these individuals, we were unable to contact 35 participants, 18 declined an invitation to participate, and 1 participant was deceased. Participants who divorced and had received naturally-occurring services (n = 8) were excluded from these analyses because we could not know exactly what premarital services they had received. There were no significant differences between divorced individuals who participated in this study compared to divorced individuals who did not participate across age at marriage, ethnicity, personal income, or relationship adjustment at the premarital assessment (ps > .05).
All participants completed an individual 30-minute audio-recorded interview over the phone about their divorce and their recollections of their premarital intervention. They received $50 for participating in this interview. All interviews were transcribed verbatim for analyses. All study procedures were approved by a university Institutional Review Board.
Measures
Reasons for divorce
Using items from a previous survey on reasons for divorce (C. A. Johnson et al., 2001) participants were asked to indicate whether or not each item on a list of common problems in relationships was a โmajor contributor to their divorceโ (โyesโ or โnoโ). These items included lack of commitment, infidelity/extra-marital affairs, too much arguing or conflict, substance abuse, domestic violence, economic hardship, lack of support from family members, marrying too young, little or no premarital education, and religious differences.
Qualitative feedback on progression of divorce
If participants indicated any of the reasons for divorce, they were subsequently asked to elaborate on how this problem progressed to their eventual divorce by the questions โConsidering the problems you were telling me such as [the major reasons for divorce the participant listed], how did they move from problems to actually getting a divorce?โ and โYou said that [cited reason] was major contributor to the divorce. Can you tell me more about that?โ We will only present detailed results from this qualitative feedback on reasons for divorce that were endorsed by at least 20% of participants.
Final straw
Participants were also asked if there was a โfinal strawโ to their relationship ending, and to expand on that reason if there was one.
Who should have worked harder?
Participants were asked two questions (C. A. Johnson et al., 2001): โAgain looking back at your divorce, do you ever wish that you, yourself, had worked harder to save your marriage?โ (with response options of โYes, I wish I had worked harderโ or โNo, I worked hard enough.โ) and โDo you ever wish that your spouse had worked harder to save your marriage?โ (with response options of โYes, I wish my spouse had worked harder.โ or โNo, my spouse worked hard enough.โ)
Qualitative feedback on PREP
Participants were asked to report and elaborate on what they remembered, found difficult, or wished was different about their premarital education experience in an open-ended format. Example questions from the interviews include โWhat do you remember about the premarital preparation or training you and your ex-spouse took part in?โ and โBased on your experience in a marriage that didnโt work out as you planned, do you think there is any kind of information or education that would have made a difference in how things turned out?โ
Analytic Approach
Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were utilized to address our research questions. For the first phase of analysis, answers were counted for close-ended questions, such as the list of major reasons for divorce (see Table 1) and if there was a โfinal strawโ (yes or no). For open-ended questions, we followed a grounded-theory methodology (Creswell, 2006; Strauss & Corbin, 1998). For the first phase of coding, after repeated readings of the transcripts, two coders, including the first author and a research assistant from the larger project, followed a grounded-theory methodology to generate common themes related to participantsโ recollections of their premarital education and reasons for divorce (from open-ended items; Creswell, 2006; Strauss & Corbin, 1998). The two coders then met repeatedly to compare results and to establish consistency. If the coders disagreed across codes, they discussed their codes with the second author to come to a conclusion. Next, axial coding was used to analyze how different codes vary in order to create specific categories of the individual codes (Creswell, 2006; Strauss & Corbin, 1998). For example, axial coding involved examining how respondent reports of general themes (e.g., communication problems) varied in their presentation (e.g., communication problems throughout the relationship vs. communication problems only at the end of marriage).Table 1List of Major Reasons for Divorce by Individuals and Couples Who Participated in PREP
The final stage of coding included selective coding in which categories were refined and relationships between concepts were noted, such as how reasons for divorce related to difficulties utilizing PREP skills. Once all codes were determined, the first author and a new coder, another research assistant on the project, coded all transcripts with the established coding system. Codes were counted for all individuals, as well as couples as a whole (partner agreement on the same code) and couples in which only one partner from the relationship reported a specific code (partner disagreement on the same code). The average Cohenโs Kappa (per code) was .71 (SD = .28) and the median was .80.
Analyses are presented at the individual level by using data from all 52 participants, as well as at the couple level by using data from the 18 couples (n = 36) in which both partners completed interviews.
Results
Reasons for Divorce
Table 1 presents the โmajor contributors for divorceโ list. Overall, the results indicate that the most often cited reasons for divorce at the individual level were lack of commitment (75.0%), infidelity (59.6%), and too much conflict and arguing (57.7%), followed by marrying too young (45.1%), financial problems (36.7%), substance abuse (34.6%), and domestic violence (23.5%). Other problems, such as religious differences, were endorsed less than 20% of the time. The order of these rankings was essentially identical at the couple level, although rates of endorsement increased because both partners were reporting. The following provides qualitative elaborations by participants on these specific reasons for divorce.
Commitment
Results indicated that the most common major contributing factor to divorce reported by participants was lack of commitment, reported by 75% of individuals and by at least one person in 94.4% of couples. Of the couples in which at least one partner mentioned commitment as a problem, 70.6% represented couples in which both partners agreed that lack of commitment was a major reason for divorce. Some participants reported that commitment within their relationships gradually eroded until there was not enough commitment to sustain the relationship, while others reported more drastic drops in commitment in response to negative events, such as infidelity.
โI realized it was the lack of commitment on my part because I didnโt really feel romantic towards him. I always had felt more still like he was a friend to me.โ
โIt became insurmountable. It got to a point where it seemed like he was no longer really willing to work [on the relationship]. All of the stresses together and then what seemed to me to be an unwillingness to work through it any longer was the last straw for me.โ
Infidelity
The next most often cited major contributing factor to divorce was infidelity, endorsed by 59.6% of individuals and by at least one partner in 88.8% of couples. Of those couples who had a least one partner report infidelity as a reason for divorce, only 31.3% represented couples in which both partners agreed that infidelity was a major contributor to the dissolution of their marriage. Thus, the majority of couples with apparent infidelity in their relationships only had one partner mention it as a contributing factor to their divorce. Overall, infidelity was often cited as a critical turning point in a deteriorating relationship.
โIt was the final straw when he actually admitted to cheating on me. I kind of had a feeling about it, but, you know, I guess we all deny [because] we never think that the person you are married to or care about would do that to us.โ
โHe cheated on me [โฆ] Then I met somebody else and did the same thing. [โฆ] And when he found out about it we both essentially agreed that it wasnโt worth trying to make it work anymore because it just hurt too bad.โ
Conflict and arguing
Too much conflict and arguing was endorsed by 57.7% of individuals and 72.2% of couples had at least one partner report that was a major contributor to divorce. Of these couples, 53.8% of couples agreed that too much conflict and arguing was a contributor to divorce. Overall, participants indicated that conflicts were not generally resolved calmly or effectively. Respondents also reported that such communication problems increased in frequency and intensity throughout their marriages, which at times, seemed to coincide with lost feelings of positive connections and mutual support. By the end of the marriage, these respondents indicated that there was a significant lack of effective communication.
โI got frustrated of arguing too much.โ
โWeโd have an argument over something really simple and it would turn into just huge, huge fights [โฆ] and so our arguments never got better they only ever got worse.โ
Marrying too young
Getting married too young was reported as a major contributing factor to divorce by 45.1% of individuals and by at least one partner from 61.1% of couples. Both partners mentioned this reason in 27.3% of these couples. Participants who endorsed this item were an average of 23.3 years old at the time of marriage (SD = 5.5) and participants who did not endorse this item were 29.2 (SD = 6.7). In commenting about this issue, some participants reported that they had only known their partners for short periods of time before their marriage and/or that they wished they had dated their partners longer in order to either gain a better perspective on the relationship or to make a more rational decision as to whom they should marry. Additional comments about this issue included reports that participants were too young to make mature objective decisions regarding their marriage decisions.
โThe main reason [we divorced] was because of our age. I think that being 19 at the time we got married, it just didnโt take. I think that we didnโt take anything as seriously as we should have.โ
โI wish that we wouldnโt have [โฆ] gotten married so young. I wish we would have waited a little bit longer before we actually got married.โ
Financial problems
Financial problems were cited as a major contributor to divorce by 36.7% of participants and by at least one partner from 55.6% of couples. Of couples who had at least one partner endorse financial problems as a contributor to divorce, 50% represented couples in which both partners agreed that financial problems were a major reason for divorce. In elaborating about this issue, some participants indicated that financial difficulties were not the most pertinent reason for their divorce, but instead contributed to increased stress and tension within the relationship. Other participants also expressed that some financial difficulties were linked to other problems (e.g., health problems, substance abuse).
โI had a severe illness for almost a year and I was the only employed person [before that] so obviously money ran very short.โ
โThe stress of trying to figure out the finances became a wedge that was really insurmountable.โ
Substance abuse
Substance abuse was reported as a major contributing factor to divorce by 34.6% of participants, and by at least one partner in 50% of couples. Of these couples, only 33.3% of partners agreed that substance abuse was a major contributing factor to divorce. Thus, similar to reports of infidelity, the majority of couples who listed substance abuse as a reason for divorce had only one partner cite this reason. Generally, participants expressed that the severity of the substance abuse problem in their relationship was either minimized over the duration of the relationship, or if attempts to address the problem were made, the partner with the substance abuse problem would not improve and/or seek help. After several attempts to address the problem, the relationship finally ended.
โI said โabsolutely no more barsโ and as soon as I found out he was back in them, I asked for [a divorce].โ
โHe never admitted that he even drank. It wasnโt me against him. It was me against him and the disease.โ
Domestic violence
Domestic violence was cited as a contributing factor to divorce by 23.5% of participants and by at least one partner from 27.8% of couples. Of those couples in which one partner listed domestic abuse a major contributor to divorce, 40.0% of partners agreed that it was a major contributor to divorce. Elaborations of this item included descriptions of both physical and emotional abuse. Participants often expressed how the abuse in their relationship developed gradually, with intensified cycles of abuse and contrition, until the severity of the abuse intensified to insurmountable levels.
โ[There was] continuous sexual abuse and emotional trauma which only got worse over time.โ
โThere were times that I felt very physically threatened. There was a time that there was a bit of shoving. I got an elbow to my nose and I got a nose bleed. Then there was another time that he literally just slid me along the floor. [โฆ]Weโd work on it. It would happen again.โ
Final Straw
After assessing participant major reasons for divorce, we were interested to see if participants indicated a single event or reason that constituted a โfinal strawโ in the process of their marriage dissolution. Overall, 68.6% of participants and at least one partner in 88.9% of couples reported that there was a final straw leading to the end of their marriage. General themes of final straw issues where generated through qualitative methods for participants who reported a final straw. Of the individuals who indicated that there was a final straw involved in ending their marriages, the most common cited reason was infidelity, which was reported by 24% of these participants, followed by domestic violence (21.2%) and substance abuse (12.1%). At the couple level, no couples (0%) had both partners report the same reason for the final straw. Participants expressed that although these final straw events may not have been the first incident of their kind (e.g., the first time they realized their partner had a substance abuse problem) an event involving these behaviors led to the final decision for their relationship to end. Also, there were some situations in which individuals expressed that these three issues may have interacted with one another or other relationship issues.
โ[My ex-husband] and I both had substance abuse problems which led to infidelity [โฆ] which also led to domestic violenceโ.
โAlong with him having alcohol and drug issues as well as infidelity issues [and] the stress, came the physical and verbal abuse.โ
Who is to Blame?
Considering that infidelity, domestic violence, and substance abuse were the most often endorsed โfinal strawโ reasons for divorce, we were interested in deciphering which member of the relationship participants saw as responsible for these behaviors. In examining participantsโ elaborations of infidelity, substance abuse, and domestic violence, we found that 76.9%, 72.2%, and 77.8%, respectively, described these events in terms of their partner engaging in these negative behaviors, and only 11.5%, 11.1%, and 0%, respectively, volunteered that they engaged in the behavior themselves.
Furthermore, when participants were asked if their partner should have worked harder to save their marriages, 65.8% of men and 73.8% of women believe that their ex-spouse should have worked harder to save their marriages. Conversely, when participants were asked if they, personally, should have worked harder to save their marriages, only 31.6% of men and 33.3% of women expressed that they, personally, should have worked harder. Further, at the couple level, 70.6% of couples showed a pattern in which the women believed their ex-husbands should have worked harder to save their relationships while their ex-husbands did not believe they, themselves, should have worked harder. Only 11.7% agreed that the husband should have worked harder and 11.7% had the husband endorse that he should have worked harder with the wife disagreeing. Conversely, only 35.3% of couples displayed the pattern in which the men blamed their ex-wives for not working harder while their ex-wives, themselves, denied that they should have worked harder. Only 11.7% agreed that the wife should have worked harder and 17.7% had the wife endorsed that she should have worked harder with her husband disagreeing. Further, 35.3% of couples agreed that the wife had not needed to work harder to save the marriage, while only 5.9% of couples agreed that the husband had not needed to work harder. Thus, most participants believed their ex-partners should have worked harder, but at the couple level, there were more couples in which both partners agreed that the wife did not need to work harder than there were couples in which both partners agreed the husband did not need to work harder. When asked who filed for the divorce, 63.5% of participants indicated that the woman filed for divorce and only 25% participants indicated that the man filed for divorce.
Feedback on PREP
Next, we provide the findings on the most commonly cited qualitative feedback reported by participants regarding how to improve premarital education. The following results and percentages refer to counts of qualitative codes created by the research team based on common themes in the interviews.
Learning more about oneโs partner
Results show that 42.3% of participants and 77.8% of couples expressed that they wished they had known more about their ex-spouse before they were married. Of these couples, 28.6% of partners agreed. These statements included desires to understand their partner better in order to improve their communication and better prepare for the marriage, or conversely, information that would have led them to never marry oneโs partner in the first place. Indeed, 30.8% of participants specifically mentioned that they wished they had recognized โred flagsโ to leave the relationship before they entered their marriage.
โI think the only information that could have [helped] wouldโve been information that might have led me to not marry him.โ
โI probably wish that we would have had more premarital counseling and had somebody tell us we should not be getting married.โ
Participating in the program before constraints to marry
Twenty-five percent (25.0%) of participants specifically reported that they were influenced by constraints to stay in the relationship already in place during the program. Example constraints included having become engaged, set a wedding date, sent out invitations, or purchased a dress, which made it difficult for participants to objectively reconsider if they were marrying the right person through the educational experience. Thus, a large portion of participants expressed that receiving PREP just before marriage made it difficult for them to seriously considered delaying their wedding plans in order to make more objective decisions about the relationship.
โIt was one of those things where youโre like, โWell, I already have the dress. Weโre already getting married. We already have all the people. Everything is already set up and we bought the house.โ And you just kind of think, โWell you know Iโm sure things will get better.โ You see the red flags but you kind of ignore them.โ
โI just didnโt have the guts to say, โYou know what, I understand the dresses have been paid for. The churches have been booked. The invitations have gone out. But I donโt think I want to do this.โโ
Improved support for ongoing implementation
Thirty-one percent (30.8%) of individuals and 38.9% of couples had at least one partner express that, although they found PREP skills helpful during the duration of the program, they had difficulty using these skills in their daily lives outside of their premarital education classes. Of these couples, 42.9% of partners agreed that they had difficulty implementing program skills in their marriage. In general, these participants expressed that, in the heat of the moment, it was hard to utilize their communication skills, such as staying calm, actively listening, working toward the problem as a team, or taking โtime outsโ as suggested in PREP. Other participants simply expressed that it was hard to remember and perfect their skills after the program ended because they did not practice them regularly.
โI think that the techniques [โฆ] were helpful. I just think it mattered if you were going to apply the principles or not. And I donโt think a lot of them were applied.โ
โIt helped with discussion and listening tools. I think, itโs just the follow through, you know. We didnโt remember those things when it came down to it.โ
โHe tried to use it at the beginning, but it was just the continual using of the techniques that were given to us.โ
Education regarding the realities of marriage
In addition to not knowing enough about oneโs partner, 48.1% of participants and 72.2% of couples expressed that they did not know enough about the realities or stages of marriage after participating in the program. Of these couples, 38.5% of partners agreed. These comments included surprise that their partners changed over the course of the marriage, as well as trouble facing new problems when they emerged (e.g., lack of attraction/connection, decreases in commitment and satisfaction, and new abuse problems).
โPremarital counseling teaches you how you get along, and that you should communicate, but it doesnโt really talk about the phases of a marriage over time.โ
โ[I wish I had learned] that the biggest area in life in an ongoing relationship is knowing that things are going to come up that arenโt perfect. That after the wedding day, and the build up to the wedding day, real life is going to kick in and you have to really have some tools to deal with it.โ
Discussion
The goal of this study was to increase understanding of divorced individualsโ perspectives on whether their premarital education prepared them for marriage and how relationship education could be modified to better address couplesโ needs. Thus, among individuals who received PREP premaritally and later divorced, this study addressed reasons for divorce as well as ideas for what else would have been helpful in relationship education. It is the first study to qualitatively assess divorced participantsโ recommendations for relationship education services. Given the small sample and qualitative nature of the reports, the implications discussed below ought to be considered preliminary.
We asked about reasons for divorce to know whether PREP addressed the kinds of problems that
1 / 4Workers board up stores on Rodeo Drive in preparation for Election Day in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, US, November 2, 2020. (Reuters)
2 / 4Workers board up a store on Rodeo Drive in preparation for Election Day in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, US, November 2, 2020. (Reuters)
3 / 4Rodeo Drive, the world renowned shopping street in Beverly Hills, California, is boarded up and closed to vehicular and pedestrian traffic on November 3, 2020 as a precaution against possible violence on the day of the US presidential election. (AFP)
4 / 4Workers board up a store on Rodeo Drive in preparation for Election Day in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, US, November 2, 2020. (Reuters)NextShort Url
CHICAGO, NEW YORK: Americans are preparing for the possibility of civil unrest when todayโs contentious presidential election battle is decided between US President Donald Trump and his Democratic challenger, former Vice President Joe Biden. Much of the violence is expected as a โspin-offโ of riots and protests that have taken place since May 31 following the death of George Floyd. Thousands of businesses were damaged and destroyed by looting and arson in the weeks and months after the killing, and after several other high profile police shootings. The biggest targets have been businesses and shopping malls, which began boarding up windows in cities across the country, including Washington D.C., New York, Los Angeles and Chicago in anticipation of post election protests expected to turn violent.
Rodeo Drive, the world renowned shopping street in Beverly Hills, California, is boarded up and closed to vehicular and pedestrian traffic on November 3, 2020 as a precaution against possible violence on the day of the US presidential election. (AFP)
Much of the fear of violence has been fueled by unconfirmed posts on social media from Democrats claiming Republican supporters would turn nasty in the event of an unfavorable outcome, and even that a group had tried to block a Biden campaign bus during a tour of Texas. Republicans, meanwhile, have claimed Democrats were readying more disorder under the guise of Black Lives Matter protests if Trump wins a second term. The media has also fueled the violence narrative, asserting that Trump is fanning the flames of conflict through his campaign rhetoric. Media outlet Spectrum News NY1 wrote on Tuesday morning: โAgitating the situation is President Donald Trumpโs preemptive accusations, without evidence, of widespread voter fraud and his resistance to a peaceful transition should he lose, as well as fresh images of rioting at left-wing protests. Itโs not alarmist; itโs fact: People are on edge, and law-enforcement agencies, and even social media companies, are at the ready.โ A poll released this week by USA Today and Suffolk University said 75 percent of Americans were worried about post-election violence. And a YouGov Poll also shows that 56 percent of Americans fear they will โsee an increase in violence as a result of the election.โ One issue is that nearly every news media poll released over the past month shows Biden leading Trump. If Trump wins and undermines expectations, police fear concerns could translate into violence. Although 97 million Americans have already voted โ through early voting and voting by mail โ as many as 35 million more are expected to cast ballots on Tuesday. https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/follow_button.96fd96193cc66c3e11d4c5e4c7c7ec97.en.html#dnt=false&id=twitter-widget-2&lang=en&screen_name=arabnews&show_count=false&show_screen_name=false&size=m&time=1604463139644Topics: US2020ELECTIONAMERICAUS
Group active in European countries with significant Turkish population, such as Germany, Belgium, Netherlands and France
Updated 04 November 2020MENEKSE TOKYAY November 04, 2020 02:03338
ANKARA: In a move that is likely to increase tension between Ankara and Paris, French Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin announced on Monday that France will ban the Turkish ultra-nationalist group the Grey Wolves. The group is linked to the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), a political ally of the ruling government in Turkey.
During the recent conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, where France and Turkey backed opposing sides, the group became notorious for organizing โHunt for Armeniansโ marches in France and for vandalizing the Armenian Genocide memorial outside Lyon with their own slogans and references to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
During the march, the group members threatened Armenians with slogans such as โWe are going to kill them.โ Four people were injured in Lyon last Wednesday during clashes between Turkish nationalists and Armenians who were protesting against Azerbaijanโs military moves.
The banning of the group, which was urged by the International League Against Racism and Anti-Semitism and the Coordination Council of Armenian Organisations in France, will be discussed by the French cabinet on Wednesday.
The Grey Wolves was established in the 1960s in Turkey by MHP as a militant wing and was responsible for triggering chaos in the streets in 1970s and 1980s when its members fought leftists and were responsible for many assassinations.
Their salute symbol, with the thumb touching the tips of the middle two fingers and the index and little fingers raised, is seen by many as neo-fascist and was banned in Austria last year. A ban has also been considered in Germany.
This year in August, Russian International Affairs Council, a pro-Kremlin think tank, also labeled the group as an โextremistโ organization.
The Grey Wolves have active branches in European countries with a significant Turkish population, such as Germany, Belgium, Netherlands and France.
Samim Akgonul, a political scientist at Strasbourg University in France, said the Grey Wolves are not the most visible Turkish organization in France but they have been active from time to time, especially during crises related to the Armenian issue, such as the French memorial laws recognizing the Armenian genocide.
โHistorically the supporters of the Turkish far right MHP party are organized autonomously in Europe, separate from Turkeyโs official bodies such as the Turkish Islamic Union for Religious Affairs (DITIB), the European division of Turkeyโs Directorate of Religious Affairs,โ he told Arab News.
He said that since the coalition between the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the MHP in Turkey in 2013, the mobilization of the Grey Wolves in favor of the Turkish state and the president had become much more frequent, especially in Lyon and Paris.
Mehmet Ali Agca, the Turkish ultra-nationalist who attempted to assassinate Pope John Paul II in 1981, was also linked to the group.
According to Akgonul, the main reason for their ban in France is their recent activity against French-Armenians amid an atmosphere of general violence.
He said they were also a collateral victim of the Islamist terror in France and the response of President Erdogan to those acts of terror.
Neither the Turkish government nor its nationalistic partner have reacted yet to the statement of French minister Darmanin about disbanding the group.
Turkey expert Matthew Goldman, from the Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, noted that the Grey Wolves are not an officially organized group in France, and so Darmaninโs announcement that they will be โdissolvedโ leaves many questions unanswered until the ministers discuss the issue on Wednesday.
โThe far-right politician Marine Le Pen accused Darmanin of merely using empty words, tweeting that it is meaningless to claim to disband a group that is not actually organized. Instead, she called for shutting down the AKP-connected Milli Gorus Islamic Confederation, which is an official organization with 70 mosques in France,โ he told Arab News.
As French President Emmanuel Macron wants to compete with Le Pen to show that he is tough on both Turkey and Islamism, Goldman wondered whether he would turn to Milli Gorus next.
German police recently stormed a Milli Gorus mosque in Berlin as part of an investigation about suspected fraud over a COVID-19 subsidy program, prompting a very sharp reaction from Erdogan.
Goldman said that if French authorities take on Milli Gorus too, it was likely to spark a strong response from Ankara.
โThe Grey Wolf aggressions, responding to both the Nagorno-Karabakh war and the France-Turkey dispute, appear to be the worst of both worlds for the French public: Street gang violence and Islamist violence, even though the Grey Wolves are actually more nationalist than Islamist,โ he said.
Updated 03 November 2020ELLIE ABENNovember 03, 2020 23:16678
MANILA: The Philippinesโ military on Tuesday confirmed the death of Hatib Hadjan Sawadjaan, one of the top leaders of the extremist Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) and the designated Daesh emir in Mindanao.
Sawadjaan was added by the US to its list of global terrorists in 2019 and named as the mastermind behind a deadly cathedral bombing that same year.
The attack, which authorities said was carried out by an Indonesian couple, killed 23 people and injured 109.
Authorities said earlier that Sawadjaan had suffered fatal injuries during an encounter with government troops in a jungle near Patikul town, Sulu province, in July. But there was no official confirmation until Tuesday.
Western Mindanao Command (Westmincom) chief Lt. Gen. Corleto Vinluan Jr. confirmed Sawadjaan’s death, saying there were no more sightings of him.
โAccording to witnesses he died on July 7 after a fierce gunbattle with Scout Rangers on July 6,โ Vinluan told Arab News.
In addition to the Jolo Cathedral bombing, Sawadjaan was accused of being behind a suicide attack in Basilan province that was believed to have been carried out by a Moroccan militant.
Sawadjaan also oversaw the kidnapping of Arab News Asia bureau chief Baker Atyani in 2012 when he was working for Al Arabiya. Atyani was held captive for 18 months by the group before being released in Dec. 2013.
The announcement of Sawadjaan’s death followed a clash at sea between government forces and militants before dawn on Tuesday.
It led to the death of seven ASG fighters, including the militant leaderโs alleged successor and two other members of the Sawadjaan clan.
Vinluan said troops from Joint Task Force – Sulu intercepted the ASG members aboard a twin-engine speed boat in the open waters of Sulu sea at around 2:15 a.m.
The military dispatched an attack helicopter and multi-purpose attack vessel after being tipped off about the groupโs plan to conduct kidnapping activities.
โExchange of fire transpired which lasted for 25 minutes and resulted in the sinking of the boat utilized by more or less seven ASG members,โ Vinluan added.
He identified three of those believed to have been killed as Mannul Sawadjaan, Mujapar Sawadjaan, and Madsmar Sawadjaan.
Mannul and Mujapar are cousins of ASG bomb expert Mundi Sawadjaan, who is believed to be behind Augustโs double suicide bombing in Jolo, while Madsmar is Mundiโs brother, the official said.
The bombings killed 14 and injured 75.
Vinluan said Mannul had been selected to replace Hatib, according to ASG members who had surrendered.
Vinluan said government forces, while conducting a search and retrieval operation, spotted the boat used by the ASG members.
โThe boat was cut in half with only the front portion remaining afloat while the rear must have sunk during the ramming by the navy ship-BA493,โ he said.
The troops searched the remaining half of the boat and recovered firearms, ammunition shells, magazines, bandoliers, backpacks and sledgehammers.
โWe will continue to conduct military operations, maximize intelligence monitoring, and exhaust all means to preempt the terroristic activities of the Abu Sayyaf Group in Sulu,โ Vinluan said.
Joint Task Force-Sulu commander Maj. Gen William Gonzales said: “This particular achievement is a result of our united efforts with the people of the province, particularly our Tausug brothers, in bringing lasting peace and development in Sulu.โFollow @arabnewsTopics: PHILIPPINE MILITARYMINDANAODAESHABU SAYYAF GROUP
Possible early general election call if premier were to lose no-confidence motion: Political experts
Updated 03 November 2020USHAR DANIELENovember 03, 2020 22:58310
KUALA LUMPUR: The fate of Malaysian Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassinโs eight-month-old administration was hanging in the balance ahead of a crucial budget vote on Friday.
A slender majority in parliament has led to increasing doubts over the premierโs grip on power.
โIf the no-confidence motion is passed, it could lead to either a change in the government with a new PM that commands a majority or a dissolution of the Parliament with an early general election to be called,โ Sunway University economics professor, Yeah Kim Leng, told Arab News on Tuesday.
Malaysiaโs parliament opened on Monday, but the session was cut short after it emerged that six attendees, including a senator, had tested positive for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), resulting in an unprecedented decision to conduct sittings only until 1 p.m. through Nov. 5.
Out of 64 motions, 27 were raised for Muhyiddinโs leadership. Only two were in support of his government. The numbers matter.
Muhyiddinโs government is presenting the budget as the PM races against time to garner support for the make-or-break vote.
โAll Muhyiddin needs is a simple majority of 112 seats in the 222-seat parliament. But should the government fail to obtain enough votes to pass an important parliamentary motion, the government is deemed to no longer hold the confidence of the majority MPs with Muhyiddin only leading with a two-seat majority,โ constitutional lawyer, Lim Wei Jiet, told Arab News.
In recent weeks, the premierโs position has become increasingly shaky after challenges were brought forward by opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim who claimed to have a majority in parliament.
Ibrahim presented his claims formally to King Al-Sultan Abdullah on Oct. 12 but was left in the lurch after the monarch refused to support them.
Malaysia held its general elections in 2018 but has witnessed two change of governments since due to political instability.
Muhyiddin was elected to office after former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad stepped down abruptly in February.
In the months that followed, Muhyiddin has been able to prove his majority only a few times.
Last month, his request to declare a state of emergency โ to contain the spread of COVID-19 in the country โ was rejected by the king, resulting in a loss of face for the premier.
Nevertheless, the king expressed โfull confidenceโ in Muhyiddinโs ability to lead the country through the health crisis and urged lawmakers to vote for the budget.
It was a win for the opposition who argued that a state of emergency would have allowed Muhyiddin to pass the budget without a vote.
Yeah said the political uncertainty arising from Muhyiddin losing support in parliament could โexacerbate the ongoing health and economic impacts. The likely consequence is a much weaker recovery. The triple challenges facing the country will dampen consumer and investor confidence leading to lower spending.โ
Under these circumstances, he added, the economy needed โa more expansionary budget to shore up businesses, slash job and income losses, and alleviate the economic hardships faced by the distressed low-income groups.โ
Last Sunday, Malaysiaโs Finance Minister Tengku Zafrul said that the budget allocation for 2021 would be bigger than the $71 billion budget 2020, adding that the government would not cut back on its development spending.
Zafrul, however, did not confirm the amount that has been set aside for economic recovery and growth.
Malaysiaโs economy has taken a severe beating from the COVID-19 pandemic, suffering a 17 percent contraction in gross domestic product (GDP) mainly driven by a decline in domestic demand due to the lockdowns.
As of Tuesday, Malaysia had reported 834 new cases of COVID-19 and 251 deaths.
Lim said Muhyiddin’s litmus test on Friday could depend on whether or not he was able to prove a majority.
โThe PM would ordinarily tender his resignation as he has proven that the support is not on his side and this has happened to William Gladstoneโs government in the UK in 1885 and its minority government in Australia in 1941.โ
Both the governments were defeated on the budget votes leading to their premiers resigning from their posts.
Other experts, however, struck a more optimistic tone.
โThe 25 motions against Muhyiddin would not see the daylight because these motions were individual motions,โ said Malaysia Technology University geostrategist, Prof. Azmi Hassan.
โItโs been Malaysia Parliamentโs practice that government motion will take precedence over individual motions and the 25 motions of no confidence are regarded as individual motions. And the speaker of the parliament has stated that he will give priority to government motions which include the main motion of budget 2021,โ Azmi said.
He added that the opposition could โdemonstrate their dismayโ toward Muhyiddinโs administration during the budget vote. โBut, again, the king and majority of the people demanded all members of parliament not to use the budget vote as a means to pursue a vote of no confidence, so I donโt think the motion of no confidence will be debated in the parliament.โFollow @arabnewsTopics: MALAYSIAMUHYIDDIN YASSIN
The prosecution of British soldiers for alleged past crimes in Iraq and Afghanistan has dogged the military and government for years
The legislation discourages the prosecution of current or former soldiers for alleged offenses committed on overseas operations more than five years ago
Updated 03 November 2020AFPNovember 03, 2020 19:28166
LONDON: British lawmakers on Tuesday adopted a bill to prevent โvexatiousโ prosecutions of military personnel and veterans over war crimes allegations. The prosecution of British soldiers for alleged past crimes in Northern Ireland, and more recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, has dogged the military and government for years. The legislation proposes measures to โreduce uncertainty arising from historical allegations and create a better legal framework to deal with claims from future overseas conflicts,โ according to the defense ministry. The House of Commons passed the Overseas Operations (Service Personnel and Veterans) Bill by 345 votes to 260. It now heads for debate in the House of Lords, the UK parliamentโs unelected upper chamber. Defense Secretary Ben Wallace told the Commons that the bill would deliver on the Conservative governmentโs 2019 election promise to protect service personnel and veterans from โvexatious claims and endless investigations.โ Veterans minister Johnny Mercer, a former army officer who served in Afghanistan, insisted the legislation โdoes not decriminalize tortureโ but strikes โan appropriate balance between victimsโ rights and access to justice.โ However John Healey, defense spokesman for the main opposition Labour party, said the bill was โdishonest and damagingโ as it would not prevent โbaselessโ investigations and could risk British troops getting hauled before the International Criminal Court. The legislation discourages the prosecution of current or former soldiers for alleged offenses committed on overseas operations more than five years ago. It raises the threshold prosecutors will use in deciding to pursue a case after five years to โexceptional,โ and requires them to weigh the public interest and get consent from the attorney general before prosecuting. The bill will restrict the discretion of courts to extend time limits for bringing civil claims for personal injuries, deaths and human rights act violations to a maximum of six years. However, the government said military operations will continue to be governed by other international humanitarian law, and denied the bill amounts to an โamnestyโ for UK troops. The UK military has been accused of covering up credible evidence of war crimes by soldiers against civilians in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to leaks last year from two government-ordered inquiries. In June, an independent British investigator looking into the Iraqi allegations said that all but one of thousands of complaints โ which ranged from rape and torture to mock executions and other atrocities โ had been dropped. That followed a 2017 UK tribunal ruling that ex-lawyer Phil Shiner, who investigated and chronicled hundreds of the accounts of such crimes, was guilty of misconduct and dishonesty.Follow @arabnewsTopics: UKSOLDIERSIRAQAFGHANISTAN
Fears of violence and COVID-19 hang over election after long and bitter campaign
Trump and Biden make final contrasting appearances in unprecedented race
Updated 10 min 48 sec agoARAB NEWSNovember 03, 2020 18:092621
Donald Trump pulled ahead of Joe Bidenafter swapping the lead in Florida with almost 90 percent of the vote counted.
The state is viewed as a key swing state, which Trump must win if he is to be relelected US president.
The nail biting contest came as counting was underway in an unprecedented election.
Trump was declared winner in Alabama, Mississippi and Oklahoma and Biden won Massachusetts, his home state of Delaware and Virginia.
Americans turned out in large numbers to vote in an unprecedented US election Tuesday.
Trump is seeking to continue his presidency for another four years. His Democratic challenger, 77-year-old Joe Biden is hoping to unseat him.
The Democrat held a consistent lead in opinion polls throughout campaigning but in the last week Trump led energetic rallies as he sought to produce another shock result.
The election has been overshadowed by a rampaging second wave of COVID-19 and growing fears that the result, or a delayed result, could spark violence.
The coronavirus has led to record postal voting which could lead to a much later final result due to the time required to count the ballots.
All eyes are on the key battleground states such as Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and North Carolina, where a win would give an indication of which way the election would go. (All times GMT)
(All times GMT)
01:10 – RESULTS: Polls are closing thick and fast across the country now, and Associated Press has just called several states – seven for Biden and four for Trump.
BIDEN: Rhode Island, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Maryland, Illinois, Delaware and Connecticut.
TRUMP: Oklahoma, Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama.
01:00 – RESULT: Trump has won the state of South Carolina, according to Associated Press projections, with its 9 electoral votes.
Trump won the state in 2016, and South Carolina has not voted for a Democratic presidential candidate since Jimmy Carter in 1976.
00:40 – RESULT: Biden hits back with a projected win in Virginia, with Associated Press giving the 13 electorial votes to the Democratic candidate.
00:35 – RESULT: In a heavily expected win, Trump claims West Virginia, giving the him another five electoral votes.
00:25 – Polls have now closed in the crucial battleground states of North Carolina and Ohio, both of which Donald Trump won in 2016, but Bidenโs has been playing up his chances of winning North Carolina today.
00:05 – RESULT: Various outlets project Trump wins Indiana and Kentucky – 11 and 8 electoral votes respectively.
Meanwhile, Associated Press has projected a win in Vermont for Biden, worth 3 electoral votes.
23:55 – We’re minutes away from the polls closing in the key battleground states in 2020’s election of Florida and Georgia. We’ll keep you updated as soon as results start to come in.
23:45
23:30 – Hundreds of Biden supporters rallied at the White House Tuesday evening, fueling a festive atmosphere with blasting music and dancing activists who voiced faith Democrats could win back the presidency.
The area, recently named Black Lives Matter (BLM) Plaza by the mayor of Washington, was the focal point of opposition to President Donald Trump during racial justice protests over summer.
23:10 – RESULT: The first polls have now closed, in parts of Kentucky and the home state of incumbent Vice President Mike Pence Indiana.
Trump is likely to win both states, which traditionally vote Republican. And in the first result of the night, he wins 68% of the vote in Indiana’s Greene County.
WE ARE LOOKING REALLY GOOD ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. THANK YOU!โ Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) November 3, 2020
The Presidentโs going to be watching returns tonight with senior aides, with members of the first family from the White House, from the East Wing. Heโs excited. Weโve put in the work, weโve not taken any vote for granted, heโs been out on the trail meeting with voters, doing as many as five events a day, and weโre ready to see these results.
White House Communications Director Alyssa Farah
22:40 – A third of voters listed the economy as the issue that mattered to them most, according to an Edison Research exit poll.
Two out of 10 voters said COVID-19, which has infected more than 9.4 million people in the US this year and killed more than 230,000, was the most important issue to them.
Racial inequality was also cited by 20 percent of voters, while other respondents cited crime and safety and healthcare policy.
Half the voters said it was more important to contain the coronavirus even if it hurts the economy, according to the exit poll.
22:10 – With the polls in the final few hours before closing, Arab News readers took part in a poll of their own and just over half of you said Donald Trump would win re-election to the White House. Read our coverage of the election so far here.
21:45 – Biden says heโfeels goodโ about the prospects of re-establishing a โBlue Wall,โ adding that while he remains โhopefulโ he is superstitious about making any predictions.
Weโll see. If thereโs something to talk about tonight, Iโll talk about it โ if not, Iโll wait till the votes are counted. Thereโs so much in play right now, the idea that Iโm in play in Texas, Georgia, Florida โ I mean, come on.
Joe Biden
21:40 – We have seen some heated exchanges between Biden and Trump supporters across the US throughout the day, but despite the partisan nature of the vote the vast majority of gatherings have remained passionate buit peaceful.
21:25 – The Secretary of State for Michigan Jocelyn Benson has spoken to CNN and said the state’s count will be expected sooner than expectedโ likely to be reported soon after the polls have closed.
โWhat we’ve seen is such high efficiency and so little problems that I now think we’ll clearly get results much sooner. We anticipate a mix of both in-person voting results and absentee voting results will be part of the results, the first results, you hear out of Michigan.โ
21:10 – Joe Biden, still out campaigning in the final few hours before the polls close, was in his hometown state of Philadelphia where he received a rapturous welcome. He had a very familiar message โ no red or blue states, just the United States โ for the crowds who were chanting โJoe, Joe, Joe.โ
21:00 – Reports coming in that the FBI is investigating alleged โrobocallsโ urging voters to โstay at home to stay safe,โ telling some voters they will be allowed to vote tomorrow if queues at polling stations are too long โ despite voting ending on Tuesday evening.
A Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency official said: โThere were some robocalls that were being reported โฆ robocalls happen every election. We are aware of that. Those calls, the FBI is investigating.
Opinion
This section contains relevant reference points, placed in (Opinion field)
โRobocalls of this nature happen every election and so I think what would be most helpful is repeating that message to the American public that… they happen every election cycle. Be mindful of people that are trying to intimidate you, undermine your confidence, but keep calm, vote on.โ
When asked in which states the calls were being received, and who might be behind them, the CISA official said the FBI was โtracking down the issue.โ
20:50
The fear to rioting and violence after todayโs voting really seems to be dominating a lot of coverage of the election.
Our correspondents Ray Hanania and Ephrem Kossaify have been reporting today on those concerns and how Americans have been preparing for unrest.
Deputy US marshals stand ready to respond to violent acts of civil disobedience in any location in the nation.
US Marshals Service
20:35
Earlier we mentioned the significance of the Arab American vote, but Arab News has also taken a deep dive into how Arabs outside of the US view the election.
We commissioned a YouGov poll spanning 18 Middle East countries to canvas opinion on the presidential race. The findings were both detailed and at times surprising.
While most said Biden would be better for the region than Trump, they said Biden, who served as vice president to Barack Obama until 2017, should shed the Obama policies towards the Middle East. Obama is often criticized for being too soft on Iran.
20.00 – Joe Biden addressed supporters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, praising the six of the turnout. He also sent some final fiery jabs in Trumpโs direction.
He said the president thinks he can decide who gets to vote. โWell, guess what? The people who are going to decide who gets to be president! Just have to remember who we are, dammit. This is the United States of America!,โ he said.
We’re going to have more people vote this year than anytime in American history
19:40 – Joe Biden’s running mateKamala Harris spoke as she arrived in Detroit, addressing fears of post-election unrest that have overshadowed voting. The 56-year-old vice-presidential nominee will be watched closely whatever the outcome of the election. Many analysts say her relative youth compared with the 77-year-old Biden means it is likely that a Democratic win could eventually see her hold the presidency.
“Have faith in the American people. I do strongly believe that we – whoever we vote for – will defend the integrity of our democracy and the peaceful transfer of power. And that there are certain lines that no matter who you vote for, they won’t cross.”
19:10 – How will Arab Americans vote? This demographic may not pack the voting power of the black and hispanic communities, but they are heavily engaged in US politics. According to a recent story by Arab News correspondent Ray Hanania Arab American voters support both the conservatism of Republicans and the social equity policies of the Democrats.
Biden attempted to energize this Arab American voters with a six-page Plan for Partnership calling for the support and engagement of the community.
18:40 – Donald Trump visited his campaign headquarters in Virginia where he was cheered by dozens of workers there. He said his campaign was doing well in Florida, Arizona and Texas and he mentioned the importance of winning Pennsylvania. The state is seen as key for Trump to win of he is to stay in the White House.
โI think weโre going to have a great night, but itโs politics and itโs elections and you never know.โ
18:10 – First Lady Melania Trump cast her vote in Palm Beach, Florida, close to President Donald Trumpโs Mar-a-Lago resort. Her husband voted in person last month during early voting.
Melania Trump has appeared only a handful of times on the campaign trail and laid low for several weeks after she contracted COVID-19, along with her husband, in October.
On Monday she gave a rare speech in which she blasted Joe Biden over law and order.
‘When rioters and looters were burning our cities and wrecking small businesses that belong to hard working families and bring jobs to our communities, where were the Democrats?’
18:00 – While all eyes are on the intense battle between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, another key battlefield is the race to control the US Senate. If Democrats can win at least six Republican-held Senate seats, they would take control of the Senate – and gain the upper hand in key votes that can block or reverse many presidential actions and override a presidential veto.
17:35 – Under the US voting system, either Donald Trump or Joe Biden needs to reach 270 of the total 538 Electoral College votes to win. Each state is assigned a certain number of โelectors” depending the number of congressional districts. In all but two states, the winner of the popular vote takes all the Electoral College votes.
This explains why across the whole of the US in 2016, Hillary Clinton won more than almost 3 million more votes from individuals than Trump. But she lost the election because Trump managed to win more electoral college votes.
As the results start to come in later today you can keep track of the numbers on our interactive widget available here on our Facebook page or on our main US election page www.arabnews.com/us2020election.
17:00 – Security and fear of violence and rioting have become a major concern as the election reaches its climax. In cities across the US, shops and businesses have boarded up their windows and their have been reports of an increase in gun purchases.
The elections take place against a backdrop of unrest in the US after the killing by police of unarmed black man George Floyd.
Arab News correspondent Ephrem Kossaify reported today from Manhattan where stores, which were vandalised earlier in the year, were preparating for possible rioting of looting.
On Monday, Arab News reported on similar measures being taken in Los Angeles where upmarket shops along Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills were also boarding up.
16:30 – Earlier, the two candidates made their final appearances as voting got under way.
Donald Trump appeared on โFox & Friends,โ where he predicted he will win by a larger electoral margin than he did in 2016. Trump said he believes the large crowds at his final rallies are the โultimate poll.โ
Joe Biden started the day visiting a church in Delaware where his late son Beau Biden is buried. He then traveled to his childhood home in Scranton in the swing state of Pennsylvania. โItโs good to be home!โ he told supporters.
Former Vice President Joe Biden went to a church service and visited his son Beau Biden’s grave Tuesday morning in Greenville, Delaware. Biden will travel to Pennsylvania before returning to Delaware to watch election results https://t.co/BFuhLbrFNIpic.twitter.com/UQrCWhbLGnโ CBS News (@CBSNews) November 3, 2020
16:05 – With so many people casting their ballots by post it was unclear how big the queues at polling stations will be. However, with a large turnout expected across the board, many polling stations were busy across the country where they had opened.
#PHOTOS: Americans are making their choice between President Donald #Trump and Democrat Joe #Biden, selecting a leader to steer the nation #USElections2020
15:50 – Arab News correspondent Ephrem Kossaify joined voters at the Queen of Angels Parish Center in New York, which has been converted into a polling station.
Many people had queued for several hours in the morning to vote.
Election Day underway with long lines of voters in New Yorkโs wee hours while polling sites in the west are abt to open https://t.co/Fgv1FTSEuBโ Arab News (@arabnews) November 3, 2020
15:30 – Voting has been under way for several hours now across the eastern seaboard of the United States. Wearing masks, voters arrived at polling stations as the day finally arrived after a long and bitter campaign.
Most polls open at 6 a.m. local time with the latest staying open until 9 p.m.
NASA reestablishes contact with 43-year-old Voyager 2 which is 11.6 BILLION miles from Earth after repairs to antenna in Australia left spacecraft flying solo for seven months
By Stacy Liberatore For Dailymail.com16:53 GMT 03 Nov 2020 , updated 18:55 GMT 03 Nov 2020
Voyager 2 has been traveling through space since launching in 1977
The spacecraft is now more than 11.6 billion miles away from Earth
NASA cutoff communication with the probe in March to repair a satellite
The Deep Space Station 43 antenna in Australia went back online and sent Voyager 2 a signal
The craft received the signal and sent a reply that reached NASA 34 hours later
NASA has reestablished contact with its Voyager 2 spacecraft as it travels more than 1.6 billion miles from Earth – after the probe was left flying solo for seven months while repairs were made to the radio antenna in Australia they use to control it.
Mission operators sent a series of commands to the 43-year-old probe using the ground-based Deep Space Station 43 (DSS43) antenna, which established a signal confirming the ‘call’ was received.
DSS43 had been offline since March while NASA completed a series of hardware upgrades, but tested the new components by sending commands to the craft.
However, due to the distance, the ground team had to wait more than 34 hours for a reply – but Voyager 2 received the commands and sent back a ‘hello.’
DSS43 is located in Australia and is part of a collection of radio antennas around the world that combine to communicate with any spacecraft beyond the moon.
Scroll down for videos
Mission operators sent a series of commands to the 43-year-old probe using the Deep Space Station 43 (DSS43) (pictured), which established a signal confirming the ‘call’ was receivedDSS43 had been offline since March while NASA completed a series of hardware upgrades, but tested the new components by sending commands to Voyager 2 (pictured)
The successful call suggests DSS43 will be back online fully in February 2021.
Brad Arnold, the DSN project manager at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Southern California, said: ‘What makes this task unique is that we’re doing work at all levels of the antenna, from the pedestal at ground level all the way up to the feedcones at the center of the dish that extend above the rim.’NASA upgrades its 70-meter Deep Space Network satellite dishLoaded: 0%Progress: 0%0:00PlayCurrent Time0:00/Duration Time0:23Fullscreen
Voyager 2 launched in 1977 and reached interstellar space just two years ago
‘This test communication with Voyager 2 definitely tells us that things are on track with the work we’re doing.’
In 1989, the spacecraft flew over Neptune’s north pole as it made a close flyby, which pushed it southward โ and it has been heading in this direction ever since.
Now more than 11.6 billion miles from Earth, the spacecraft is so far south that it doesn’t have a line of sight with radio antennas in the Northern Hemisphere.
DSS43 is the only technology on our planet with a transmitter powerful enough to reach such a distance and it is now receiving science data of interstellar space from the probe.
In 1989, the spacecraft flew over Neptune’s north pole as it made a close flyby, which pushed it southward โ and it has been heading in this direction ever since. Now more than 11.6 billion miles from Earth, the spacecraft is so far south that it doesn’t have a line of sight with radio antennas in the Northern HemisphereThe massive 111-foot wide dish has been operating since 1972, five years before Voyager 2 launched into space, and just received its ‘most significant makeovers’
The massive 111-foot wide dish has been operating since 1972, five years before Voyager 2 launched into space, and just received its ‘most significant makeovers.’
Philip Baldwin, operations manager for NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program, said: ‘The DSS43 antenna is a highly specialized system; there are only two other similar antennas in the world, so having the antenna down for one year is not an ideal situation for Voyager or for many other NASA missions.’
‘The agency made the decision to conduct these upgrades to ensure that the antenna can continue to be used for current and future missions.’
‘For an antenna that is almost 50 years old, it’s better to be proactive than reactive with critical maintenance.’
Not only did the repairs help the dish make contact with Voyager 2, but the upgrades will also benefit other mission, including the Mars Perseverance rover, which will land on the Red Planet Feb. 18, 2021. Nasa’s Voyager 2 probe ‘leaves the Solar System’Loaded: 0%Progress: 0%0:00PlayCurrent Time0:00/Duration Time2:59Fullscreen
WHERE ARE THE VOYAGERS NOW?
Voyager 1 is currently 13 billion miles away from Earth, travelling northward through space.
The probe has recently sent back data to Nasa that cosmic rays are as much as four times more abundant in interstellar space than in the vicinity of Earth.
This suggests that the heliosphere, the region of space that contains our solar system’s planets, may act as a radiation shield.
Meanwhile, Voyager 2 is now 11.6 billion miles from Earth, travelling south towards the interstellar region.
The contrasting locations of the two spacecraft allow scientists to compare two regions of space where the heliosphere interacts with the interstellar medium.
Voyager 2 crossing into the interstellar medium allows scientists to sample the medium from two different locations at the same time.
Trump ayaa go’aanka kasoo baxay maxkamadda sare ku tilmaamay ‘Mid aad halis u ah’ kaddib markii maxkamadda ay soo saartay in wakhti dheeraad ah loogu daro muddada loogu talagalay in gobolka Pennsylvania ay ku gaaraan warqadaha codeynta ee boostada.
Wuxuu intaas ku daray ‘Wax isdaba marin baahsan oo aan la eegin” ay kusii xigi doonaan.
Shirkadda waxay digniin u dirtay madaxweynaha isla markaana ku tilmaantay qoraalka “Mid khilaaf abuurayo oo laga yaabo in uu marin habaabin yahay”
Waa inaad wax ka baddasho sida aad habeenkii u seexato, taasina waxay hagaajin kartaa qaabka uu jirkaaga u shaqeeyo, iyo caafimaadkaaga, sida ay sheegeen seynisyahannada UK iyo Australia.
Waxay diiradda saarayaan “dadka dhafra” ee jirkooda uu la qabsaday in ilaa xilli dambe ay soo jeedaan.
Farsamooyiinka la adeegsaday waxaa ka mid ah in xilli isku mid ah la seexdo habeen kasta, in laga fogaado cabitaannada hurdo la’aanta keena iyo in subixii la is qoraxeeyo.
Baarayaashu waxay sheegayaan in qaabka ay wax u baarayaan uu u muuqan karo mid iska caadi ah, laakiin isbedel aad muhiim u ah uu ku yeelan karo nolosha dadka.
Qof kasta wuxuu jirkiisa leeyahay qaab uu u shaqeeyo oo la socda qorax soobaxa ama qorax dhaca. waana sababta aan habeenkii u hurudno.
Balse dadka qaar jirkooda soo jeedka ayuu jacel yahay marka loo eego dadka kale.
Damaashaadka subixii waa in la tooso xilli hore, daalna la dareemo haddii illaa xilli dambe oo habeenkii ah la soo jeedo.
Dadka dhafra way ka duwan yihiin sidaa, waxay jecel yihiin in ay sariirta iskaga jiifaan ayna soo jeedaan iyagoo firfircoon illaa xilli dambe.
Dhibaatada dadka dhafra haysato waxay tahay in aysan la qabsan karin xeerka caalamiga ah ee ‘sagaal-illaa-shan, ee alaarmiga subixii lagu tooso saacada ka hor inta uusan jirkaaga diyaar u noqon inaad sariirta ka kacdo.
In habeenkii la dhafro waxaa lala xiriiriyay caafimaad daro.
Qoraalka sawirka,Ma xilli fiican baad seexataa mise waad dhafartaa?
Seynisyahannada waxay cilmi baaris ku sameeyeen 21 qof oo habeenkii oo dhan aan seexan, kuwaas oo qiyaastii 2:30 daqiiqo ee habeennimo saqda dhexe ka dib seexda, hurdadana ka toosa 10:00 barqanimo.
Talooyiinkooda waxaa ka mid ahaa:
Waxaad toostaa 2 illaa 3 saacadood ka hor xilligii aad kici jirtay, bannaanka u bax, qoraxdana isu dhig subixii.
Sida ugu dhaqsaha badan u quraaco
Subixii oo keli ah samee jimicsiga
Maalin kasta isku xilli cun qadada, waxna ha cunin wixii ka dambeeya 19:00 fiidnimo
Kafee iyo wax la mid ah ha cabin wixii ka dambeeya 15:00 galabnimo
Ha seexan mar haddii la gaaro 16:00 galabnimo
Waxaad seexataa 2 illaa 3 saacadood ka hor xilligii aad seexan jirtay, iftiinka nalalkana iska yaree.
Mar kastaa xilli isku mid ah seexo, xilli isku mid ahna soo toos
Seddax isbuuc ka dib, dadkii tijaabada lagu sameeyay isbedel wayn ayaa ka muuqday sida uu jirkooda u shaqeeyo, sida lagu xusay warbixintan wada jirka ay usoo saareen jaamacadaha Birmingham, Surrey iyo Monash.
Natiijada joornaalka dawada hurdad waxaa ka muuqatay in dadkaas ay barteen in isku xilli ay indhaha isku qabtaan, ayna hurdaan.
Laakiin, waxaa la arkay in hurdo la’aantooda ay yaraatay, walwalka iyo walbahaarkana ay ka yaraadeen. Sidoo kale natiijadu waxay muujisay in sida ay u falcelinayaan ay wanaagsanaatay.
“jadwalka dabeecad yar oo fudud waxay dadka dhafra ka caawin kartaa in qaabka jirkooda uu u shaqeeyo ay bedelaan, ayna wanaajiyaan guud ahaan caafimaadkooda jirka iyo maskaxda,” Sida uu sheegay Prof Debra Skene, oo ka tirsan jaamacadda Surrey.
“Hurdo la’aan xun iyo soo jeedka jirka waxay dhibaato u geysan karaan hannaaanka jirka, waxayna sababi karaan cudurrada wadnaha, kansar iyo xanuunka macaanka (ama sokorowga).”
Qoraalka sawirka,Habka ay u shaqeeyaan jirka iyo maskaxda
Mid ka mid ah astaamaha ugu waawayn ee jirka uu adeegsado, ee isku dubarididda quruxda, waa iftiin. Balse waxaa lagu talinayaa in jirka iftiin badan loo bandhigo maalintii, habeenkiina aad looga yareeyo.
In aad si aan dheelitirneyn u seexato, iyo inaad toosto xilliyo kala duwan waxay sababi karaan in caafimaadka gudaha jirka iyo sida uu u shaqeeyo ay halis gasho.
Farsamooyiinka la adeegsaday waxay la mid yihiin waxyaabaha iska caadiga ah ee hurdada la xiriira, balse midkasta waxaa loo isticmaalay hagaajinta hab dhaqanka jirka.
Waxa aysan cilmi-baarayaashu garaneyn waa xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhafarta badan in ay ka dhalato isbedelka dabeecadaha.
“Waxa aan kala cadeyn waa marka aadan habeenkii oo dhan seexan karin, waxkastoo arrintaas ku saabsan ma sameyn kartaa?” ayuu yiri Dr Andrew Bagshaw, oo ka tirsan jaamacadda Birmingham.
“Waa arrimo fudud oo qof kasta uu sameyn karo oo wax ku ool noqon kara, waana arrinta aan la yaabay.”
“In awood aad u yeelato, dad badan aad xulato, kana caawiso in ay wanaag dareemaan, adigoo dan kale aan ka lahayn, waa arrin aad u fiican.”
Pope did NOT give his full support to gay civil unions: Pontiff’s comments ‘were taken out of context’ by documentary makers ‘who cut out statements’, Vatican says
Pope Francis appeared to support civil unions in new documentary Francesco
The Vatican has now claimed the quotes were selectively edited in the film
The Church said the film omitted the Pope’s other remarks about homosexuality
The Vatican says comments by Pope Francis on civil union laws in a documentary last month were taken out of context and did not signal a change in Church doctrine on homosexuals or support for same-sex marriage.
The documentary Francesco, which premiered at the Rome film festival on October 21, made headlines for a comment in which the pope says that homosexuals have a right to be in a family and that civil union laws covering homosexuals are needed.
The pope’s comments prompted praise from liberals and calls for urgent clarification from conservatives.
The Vatican says comments by Pope Francis on civil union laws in a documentary last month were taken out of context
Documentary premieres in which Pope endorses same sex civil union
Last week, the Vatican’s Secretariat of State quietly sent an ‘explanatory note’ to its ambassadors, who sent it to bishops.
The note was first reported by papal biographer Austen Ivereigh.
In it, the Vatican confirmed that Francis was referring to his position in 2010 when he was archbishop of Buenos Aires and strongly opposed moves to allow same-sex marriage.
Instead, he favoured extending legal protections to gay couples under what is understood in Argentina as a civil union law.
While Francis was known to have taken that position privately, he had never articulated his support while as Pope.
The documentary’s director, Russian-born American citizen Evgeny Afineevsky (pictured), has refused to discuss the editing process
As a result, the comments made headlines, primarily because the Vatican’s doctrine office in 2003 issued a document prohibiting such endorsement.
It added that two separate quotes in response to separate questions were spliced to appear as one, deleting the intervening context and questions.
The document, signed by Francis’s predecessor as Pope, says the church’s support for gay people ‘cannot lead in any way to approval of homosexual behaviour or to legal recognition of homosexual unions’.
The documentary’s director, Russian-born American citizen Evgeny Afineevsky, told reporters he interviewed the pope but journalists later found the footage was from a 2019 interview with Mexico’s Televisa. Some was not previously aired.
The Vatican has not confirmed or denied reports by sources in Mexico that the Vatican cut the quote from the footage it provided to Televisa after the interview, which was filmed with Vatican cameras.ย
After the documentary premiered, Afineevsky refused to discuss the editing process. It was not immediately possible to contact him for comment on the Vatican note.
The note said that in the first quote, the pope was referring to the right of homosexuals to be accepted by their own families as children and siblings.
Some saw the comments as homosexuals having a right to form families.
The note said the documentary cut comments where the pope expressed opposition to opposed homosexual marriage and made clear he was referring to civil union laws, which some countries have enacted to regulate benefits such as health care.
A phrase where Francis said ‘it is an incongruence to speak of homosexual marriage’ was cut.
How previous popes have approached same-sex civil unions
John Paul II
John Paul II (October 1978 to April 2005)
Pope John Paul II condemned same-sex marriage during his tenure and branded it as an attack on the fabric of society before calling on Catholics to combat what he said was an aggressive attempt to legally undermine the family.
‘Attacks on marriage and the family, from an ideological and legal aspect, are becoming stronger and more radical every day,’ he said in a statement in 2004.
‘Who destroys this fundamental fabric causes a profound injury to society and provokes often irreparable damage.’
Benedict XVI
Benedict XVI (April 2005 to February 2013)
‘A century ago, anyone would have thought it absurd to talk about homosexual marriage,’ Benedict previously said in an interview with German journalist Peter Seewald.
Benedict continued that equal marriage rights, alongside abortion and reproductive technologies were of the Antichrist.
He said: ‘Modern society is in the middle of formulating an anti-Christian creed, and if one opposes it, one is being punished by society with excommunication.
‘The fear of this spiritual power of the Antichrist is then only more than natural, and it really needs the help of prayers on the part of an entire diocese and of the Universal Church in order to resist it.’
‘It is clear that Pope Francis was referring to certain state provisions and certainly not the doctrine of the Church, which he has reaffirmed numerous times over the years,’ the note said.
‘More than a year ago, during an interview, Pope Francis answered two different questions at two different times that, in the aforementioned documentary, were edited and published as a single answer without proper contextualisation, which has led to confusion,’ said the guidance posted by Archbishop Coppola.
In the film, Mr Afineevsky recounts the story of Andrea Rubera, a married gay Catholic who wrote to Francis asking for his advice about bringing into the church his three young children with his husband.
It was an anguished question, given that the Catholic Church teaches that gay people must be treated with dignity and respect but that homosexual acts are ‘intrinsically disordered’.
The church also holds that marriage is an indissoluble union between man and woman and, as a result, gay marriage is unacceptable.
In the end, Mr Rubera recounts how Francis urged him to approach his parish transparently and bring the children up in the faith, which he did. After the anecdote ends, the film cuts to Francis’s comments from the Televisa interview.
‘Homosexual people have the right to be in a family. They are children of God,’ Francis said. ‘You can’t kick someone out of a family, nor make their life miserable for this. What we have to have is a civil union law; that way they are legally covered.’
Francis’s comments about gay people having the right to be in a family referred to parents with gay children, and the need for them to not kick their children out or discriminate against them, the Vatican guidance said.
Francis was not endorsing the right of gay couples to adopt children, even though the placement of the quote right after Mr Rubera told his story made it seem that Francis was.
The Pope’s comments about gay civil unions came from a different part of the Televisa interview and included several caveats that were not included in the film.
In the Televisa interview, Francis made clear he was explaining his position about the unique case in Buenos Aires 10 years ago, as opposed to Mr Rubera’s situation or gay marriage as a whole.
In the Televisa interview, Francis also insisted that he always maintained Catholic doctrine and said there was an ‘incongruity’ for the Catholic Church as far as ‘homosexual marriage’ is concerned.
The documentary eliminated that context.
The Vatican guidance insists that Francis was not contradicting church doctrine but it does not explain how his support for extending Argentine legal protections to gay couples in 2010 could be squared with the 2003 document from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which says ‘the principles of respect and non-discrimination cannot be invoked to support legal recognition of homosexual unions’. ADVERTISEMENT
Francis’s predecessors, including Benedict XVI and John Paul II, condemned same-sex marriage during their papal tenure.
Francis himself had opposed legislation to approve same-sex marriages in Argentina when he was Archbishop of Buenos Aires a decade ago – but had supported some kind of legal protection for the rights of gay couples at the time.
However, shortly after becoming Pope, he said of gay people that ‘we must be brothers’.
He added: ‘If a person is gay and seeks God and has goodwill, who am I to judge him?’
For LGBTQ advocates, Pope Francis’ apparent message was not just seen an endorsement of same-sex civil unions, but also an approval of same-sex parents having the privilege of raising families.
On social media, his comments were applauded by celebrities, commentators and members of LGBTQ community alike.
Talk show host Ellen DeGeneres wrote: ‘Thank you, Pope Francis, for seeing love for what it is.’
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Pope comments supporting gay civil unions ‘were taken out of context’, Vatican says
Dad tiradooda lagu sheegay wax ka badan 100 ruux ayaa lagu laayay waqooyiga gobolka Oromia, oo ah kan ugu dadka badan dalka Itoobiya.
Weerarkan ayaa sida ay laamaha amniga sheegeen waxaa geystay xubno ka tirsan ururka hubeysan ee lagu magacaabo Coodanka Xoreynta Oromada.
Dhacdadan ayaa kusoo aadday xilli qalalaasaha iyo weerarrada salka ku haya qabaa’ilka ay kasii socdaan dalka Itoobiya, wuxuuna cadaadiska kusii kordhayaa dowladda uu hoggaamiyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Abiy Axmed oo horay ugu guuleystay abaalmarinta Nabadda ee Nobel-ka.
Xafiiska Abiy ayaa tacsi u diray ehelada dadkooda la laayay. Wararka ayaa sheegaya in dadka weerarka lagu dilay ay dhammaantood kasoo jeedeen qowmiyadda Amxaarada.
Qoraal uu Ra’iisul Wasaaraha soo dhigay bogga uu xafiiskiisa ku leeyahay Facebook-ga ayuu ku yidhi: “Waxaan aad uga murugsanahay weerarka loo geystay dadka reer Itoobiya ee salka ku haya heybta”.
“Cadowga Itoobiya way sii bateen iyagoo dhahaya ‘wax baan xukumi doonnaa, kuma noolaad doonno waddan’ dadaalkooda oo dhanna arrintaas ayey isugu geynayaan. Ujeedooyinkooda waxaa ka mid ah inay dhib u abuuraan dadkeenna.” Ayuu ku yidhi qoraalkiisa.
Wixi ka dambeeyey weerarki labaad ee khamiisti ka dhacay kaniisad ku taallay Magalada Nice ee ku taalla Koonfurta Faransiiska oo uu geystay shakhsi muslim lagu sheegay.
Balse ujeeddada shaqsiga weerarka geystay uu lahaa ayaan la sheegin, iyada oo ay hay’adaha amniga ay billaabeen baadhitaan dhacdadaasi ku aaddan.
Dhacdadan ayaa imaneysa maalma un kaddib marki kaniisad ku taalla Koonfurta Faransiiska 3 qof middi lagu dilay.
Iyada oo madaxweyne Macron uu weerarkaasi ku tilmaamay mid argagaixiso.
Weerarka Lyon oo xalay dhacay waxaa lagu beegsaday baadari kaniisad soo xirayey.
Waxaana dhaawaca baadariga ka soo gaaray dhaawac, iyada oo ninka falkaasi geystay uu qori adeegsnayey.
Wasaaradda arrimaha gudaha Faransiiska waxay sheegtay goobta uu dhibka ka dhacay in ciidamada amniga iyo shaqaalaha gurmadka shacabkana goobtaasi laga fogeeyey.
Maayarka Lyon Gregory Doucet wuxuu sheegay wakhti xaadirkan iney la sheegi Karin sababta qofka falkaasi geystay uu sidan u sameeyey.
Ra’isal wasaaraha Faransiiska Jean Castex wuxuu sheegay dowladdu iney ka shaqeyneyso sidi qofkasta waxa uu aaminsan yahay six or ah uu gudan lahaa, dowladduna ay sugeyso amniga goobaha cibaadada.
Dhamaanteen waxaan dooneynaa inaan lacag keydinno. Iyo hadday tahay inaad naftaada u diiddo $ 4 mocha latte toddobaadkii hal mar ama aad ka dhigto fasax qoys oo qalaad, qof kastaaba wuxuu leeyahay dariiqo u gaar ah oo uu ku badbaadiyo.
Adeegso tilmaamahan lacag-ururinta si aad u abuurto fikrado ku saabsan qaababka ugu wanaagsan ee lacag lagu keydsado nolol maalmeedkaaga.
1. Ka Saar Deyntaada
Haddii aad isku dayeyso inaad lacag ku keydiso miisaaniyadda laakiin aad weli wado culeys weyn oo deyn ah, ka bilow deynta. Kuma qancin? Kudar inta aad kubixineyso u adeegida deyntaada bil kasta, oo dhaqso ayaad u arki doontaa.
Markaad xor ka tahay bixinta dulsaarka deyntaada, lacagtaas si fudud ayaa loo gelin karaa keyd. Khadadka amaahda shaqsiyeed waa hal ikhtiyaar oo loogu talagalay xoojinta deynta si aad si fiican uga bixin karto.
2. Deji Yoolal Mid ka mid ah hababka ugu wanaagsan ee lacag lagu keydin karo waa adiga oo indho indheeya waxa aad u keydsato.
Haddii aad u baahan tahay dhiirrigelin, dejiso bartilmaameedyada keydinta oo ay weheliso jadwal u dejisan si ay u fududaato badbaadintiinu Ma dooneysaa inaad guri ku iibsato saddex sano gudahood iyadoo boqolkiiba 20 hoos loo dhigayo? Hadda waxaad leedahay bartilmaameed oo waad ogtahay waxaad u baahan doonto inaad keydiso bil kasta si aad u gaarto hadafkaaga.
U adeegso xisaabiyeyaasha keydinta Gobollada si aad uga dhigato yoolkaaga!
3. Marka hore Is Bixi Ka samee koontada deynta akoontigaaga hubinta akoonkaaga keydinta maalin kasta oo lacag bixin ah.
Hadday ahaan lahayd $ 50 labadii toddobaadba mar ama $ 500, ha is khiyaanayn naftaada qorshe caafimaad oo muddo dheer kuu kaydsan.
4.Jooji sigaarka โกยกXaqiiqdii ma sahlana.
ma sahlana in la joojiyo, laakiin haddii aad sigaar cabto xirmo iyo nus maalin kasta, taasi waxay u dhigantaa ku dhowaad $ 3,000 sanadkii waxaad ku ogaan kartaa kaydinta haddii aad joojiso.
Sida laga soo xigtay Xarumaha Xakamaynta Cudurrada, boqolkiiba dadka Mareykanka ah ee caba sigaarka ayaa hadda ka hooseeya boqolkiiba 20 markii ugu horreysay tan iyo ugu yaraan bartamihii 1960s – ku soo biir naadiga!
5. Qaado “Joogitaan” In kasta oo ereygu noqon karo mid casri ah, haddana fikirka ka dambeeya waa adag yahay:
halkii aad dhowr kun oo tikidhada duulimaadka ah ku tagi lahayd dibadda, ka raadi barxaddaada dambe fasaxyo xiiso leh oo guriga u dhow.
Haddii aadan wadi karin masaafada, ka raadi duulimaadyo rakhiis ah gobolkaaga. .
We all want to save money. And whether it’s by denying yourself that $4 mocha latte once a week or putting off an exotic family vacation, everyone has their own way to save.
Use these money-saving tips to generate ideas about the best ways to save money in your day-to-day life.
1. Eliminate Your Debt
If you’re trying to save money through budgeting but still carrying a large debt burden, start with the debt. Not convinced? Add up how much you spend servicing your debt each month, and you’ll quickly see. Once you’re free from paying interest on your debt, that money can easily be put into savings. A personal line of credit is just one option for consolidating debt so you can better pay it off.
2. Set Savings Goals
One of the best ways to save money is by visualizing what you are saving for. If you need motivation, set saving targets along with a timeline to make it easier to save. Want to buy a house in three years with a 20 percent down payment? Now you have a target and know what you will need to save each month to achieve your goal. Use Regions savings calculators to make your goal!
3. Pay Yourself First
Set up an auto debit from your checking account to your savings account each payday. Whether it’s $50 every two weeks or $500, don’t cheat yourself out of a healthy long-term savings plan.
4. Stop Smoking
No, it’s certainly not easy to quit, but if you smoke a pack and a half every day, that amounts to nearly $3,000 a year you can realize in savings if you quit. According to the Centers for Disease Control, the percentage of Americans who smoke cigarettes is now below 20 percent for the first time since at least the mid-1960s โ join the club!
5. Take a “Staycation”
Though the term may be trendy, the thought behind it is solid: instead of dropping several thousand on airline tickets overseas, look in your own backyard for fun vacations close to home. If you can’t drive the distance, look for cheap flights in your region.
6. Spend to Save
Let’s face it, utility costs seldom go down over time, so take charge now and weatherize your home. Call your utility company and ask for an energy audit or find a certified contractor who can give you a whole-home energy efficiency review. This will range from easy improvements like sealing windows and doors all the way to installing new insulation, siding or ENERGY STAR high-efficiency appliances and products. You could save thousands in utility costs over time.
7. Utility Savings
Lowering the thermostat on your water heater by 10ยฐF can save you between 3-5 percent in energy costs. And installing an on-demand or tankless water heater can deliver up to 30 percent savings compared with a standard storage tank water heater.
8. Pack Your Lunch
An obvious money-saving tip is finding everyday savings. If buying lunch at work costs $7, but bringing lunch from home costs only $2, then over the course of a year, you can create a $1250 emergency fund or make a significant contribution to a college plan or retirement fund.
9. Create an Interest-Bearing Account
For most of us, keeping your savings separate from your checking account helps reduce the tendency to borrow from savings from time to time. If your goals are more long-term, consider products with higher yield rates like a Regions CD or Regions Money Market account for even better savings.
10. Annualize Your Spending
Do you pay $20 a week for snacks at the vending machine at your office? That’s $1,000 you’re removing from your budget for soda and snacks each year. Suddenly, that habit adds up to a substantial sum.
This information is general in nature and is not intended to be legal, tax, or financial advice. Although Regions believes this information to be accurate, it cannot ensure that it will remain up to date. Statements or opinions of individuals referenced herein are their ownโnot Regions’. Consult an appropriate professional concerning your specific situation and irs.gov for current tax rules. Regions, the Regions logo, and the LifeGreen bike are registered trademarks of Regions Bank. The LifeGreen color is a trademark of Regions Bank
The first Black women and Vice #president of America next to #Joe Biden She wrote On her #Twitter
Now the real work begins.
To beat this pandemic. To rebuild our economy. To root out systemic racism in our justice system and society. To combat the climate crisis. To heal the soul of our nation.
The road ahead won’t be easy. But America is ready. And so are
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